A new study shows all Asians probably originated from Southeast Asia and migrated northward, indicating Japanese landed in their present location via the Korean peninsula.

In a paper titled “Mapping Human Genetic Diversity in Asia,” published online in Science on Dec 10, members of the Human Genome Organization`s Pan-Asian SNP Consortium reported on the genetic patterns of 1,923 individuals from 73 Asian populations, including 90 Koreans.

The team of researchers – from 10 Asian countries as well as investigators from the United States – reported a clear genetic diversity arising from northern to southern latitudes, suggesting there was one major inflow of human migration into Asia arising from Southeast Asia. Previously, it was thought that there was a multiple inflow from both southern and northern routes.

This is the first time that studies on human genetic diversities have extended research to Southeast Asian and East Asian populations.

The analyses proposed a model in which ancestors of today`s Asian populations arrived first in India before migrating to Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines. From there, it suggested groups traveled north, mixing with the populations already living in these regions.

This accordingly suggested the ancestors of Koreans, Chinese and Japanese to be the latest to settle in East Asia. The study also revealed no meaningful genetic differences between the three ethnic groups, which together make up 1.5 billion people.

“On the basis of variation at a large number of independent SNPs, we observed that there is substantial genetic proximity of Southeast Asian and East Asian populations,” the researchers wrote.

“More than 90 percent of East Asian haplotypes could be found in either Southeast Asian or Central-South Asian populations and show clinal structure with haplotype diversity decreasing from south to north. Furthermore, 50 percent of EA haplotypes were found in SEA only and 5 percent were found in CSA only, indicating that SEA was a major geographic source of EA populations,” the study stated.

Scientists also disclosed the corresponding relationship between genetic ancestry and language groups.

“Our results show that genetic ancestry is strongly correlated with linguistic affiliations as well as geography. Most populations show relatedness within ethnic/linguistic groups, despite prevalent gene flow among populations,” they wrote.

These insights were noted by researchers to have important implications for the study of genetics and disease, and for both interpreting past and designing future human migratory patterns.

HUGO President Edison Liu, also the executive director of the Genome Institute of Singapore, in a statement released yesterday, referred to the study as “a milestone not only in the science that emerged, but also the consortium that was formed.

“Ten Asian countries came together in the spirit of solidarity to understand how we were related as people, and we finished with a truly Asian scientific community. We overcame shortage of funds and diverse operational constraints through partnerships, good will, and cultural sensitivity.”

The next goal was said to expand this collaboration to all of Asia, including Central Asia and Polynesian Islands, with more detail in genomic analyses and structural variations.

(jyan2787@googlemail.com)

By An Ji-yoon

2009.12.12

North Korea yesterday said it attained “a series of common recognition” with the United States on the need to resume the six-nation talks and reaffirm the principles of a previous denuclearization agreement when Washington`s special envoy Stephen Bosworth visited this week.

An unidentified official of the North`s foreign ministry was quoted for these and other remarks regarding Bosworth`s trip during an interview with the state-run Korean Central News Agency.

The official also reportedly said the two sides held “frank and sincere” discussions on a wide range of issues including the possibility of achieving a peace treaty to formally end the 1950-53 Korean War, normalization of relations and peninsular denuclearization.

The United States and North Korea will continue to cooperate, the official added, to narrow down “remaining differences.”

The comments were almost identical to those made by special representative Bosworth, who upon the return of his visit on Thursday, said the two sides shared “some understandings” for reviving the multilateral dialogue aimed at ending Pyongyang`s nuclear weapons programs and recommitting to the crucial joint communique signed in September 2005. This agreement serves as a guiding post for the North`s denuclearization process.

Citing such progress, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton called the outcome of Bosworth`s trip “quite positive.”

But the two sides were unable to reach an agreement on the timetable for a fresh round of six-party discussions.

Pyongyang, however, indicated in the news report that there will be an additional opportunity to “narrow down their remaining differences.”

Foreign Ministry officials here predicted that further discussions, whether via another visit by officials from Washington or Pyongyang, or through the New York channel, would happen soon.

“The discussion is expected to focus on the details for setting up the next round of six-party talks to create the opportunity to talk over denuclearization,” one high-ranking official said requesting anonymity.

State Department spokesman Philip Crowley also hinted at the possibility of follow-up meetings, saying Washington will have to see if it would take phone calls or another meeting with the North Koreans for them to return to the nuclear negotiations.

Seoul, like Washington, was circumspect in its assessment of Bosworth`s trip.

“I agree with special representative Bosworth that the meeting with the North Koreans were useful, but we will have to see where this further takes us on the road to denuclearization,” said Wi Sung-lac, Seoul`s chief nuclear negotiator.

This would not be the first time that talks over Pyongyang`s denuclearization process collapsed. The previous round of six-party talks fell through after Washington and Pyongyang failed to reach an agreement on a nuclear verification protocol.

Seoul and Washington, along with the other members of the six-party negotiations have since then adopted a two-track approach for applying both the carrot and the stick to North Korea.

Bosworth indicated via his trip that the United States was prepared to hold North Korea`s hand as it makes it way back into international society in return for a complete and irreversible end to its nuclear ambitions.

The latest trip between Dec. 8-10 came after Pyongyang extended an invitation after months of brinkmanship tactics that included a rocket launch and a second nuclear test.

The North quit the multilateral nuclear discussions after the United Nations Security Council denounced the rocket launch in April.

Speculation has it that Pyongyang demanded incentives such as a peace treaty. Washington said the issue could be discussed once the nuclear dialogue starts anew, since the Sept. 19 agreement calls for related parties to try and achieve a peace regime on the Korean Peninsula.

But such discussions are not to be conducted within the six-party framework, and also may start only after the denuclearization process is initiated, according to the same communique.

Further details about Bosworth`s meeting with the North Koreans are expected to be available after the former ambassador completes his tour to the other partners of the six-nation talks and returns to Washington next week, Foreign Ministry officials here said.

(jemmie@heraldm.com)

By Kim Ji-hyun

2009.12.12

The Dragon Rock

This story begins with Once Upon A Time, because the best stories do, of course.

So, Once Upon A Time, and imagine if you can, a steep sided valley cluttered with giant, spiky green pine trees and thick, green grass that reaches to the top of your socks so that when you run, you have to bring your knees up high, like running through water. Wildflowers spread their sweet heady perfume along the gentle breezes and bees hum musically to themselves as they cheerily collect flower pollen.

People are very happy here and they work hard, keeping their houses spick and span and their children’s faces clean.

This particular summer had been very hot and dry, making the lean farm dogs sleepy and still. Farmers whistled lazily to themselves and would stand and stare into the distance, trying to remember what it was that they were supposed to be doing. By two o’clock in the afternoon, the town would be in a haze of slumber, with grandmas nodding off over their knitting and farmers snoozing in the haystacks. It was very, very hot.

No matter how hot the day, however, the children would always play in the gentle, rolling meadows. With wide brimmed hats and skin slippery with sun block, they chittered and chattered like sparrows, as they frolicked in their favourite spot.

Now, their favourite spot is very important to this story because in this particular spot is a large, long, scaly rock that looks amazingly similar to a sleeping dragon.
The children knew it was a dragon.
The grown ups knew it was a dragon.
The dogs and cats and birds knew it was a dragon.
But nobody was scared because it never, ever moved.

The boys and girls would clamber all over it, poking sticks at it and hanging wet gumboots on its ears but it didn’t mind in the least. The men folk would sometimes chop firewood on its zigzagged tail because it was just the right height and the Ladies Weaving Group often spun sheep fleece on its spikes.

Often on a cool night, when the stars were twinkling brightly in a velvet sky and the children peacefully asleep, the grown ups would settle for the evening with a mug of steaming cocoa in a soft cushioned armchair. Then the stories about How The Dragon Got There began. Nobody knew for sure, there were many different versions depending on which family told the tale, but one thing that everybody agreed on, was this:

In Times of Trouble
The Dragon will Wake
And Free the Village
By making a Lake

This little poem was etched into everybody’s minds and sometimes appeared on tea towels and grandma’s embroidery.

The days went by slowly, quietly and most importantly, without any rain. There had been no rain in the valley for as long as the children could remember. The wells were starting to bring up muddy brown water and clothes had to be washed in yesterday’s dishwater. The lawns had faded to a crisp biscuit colour and the flowers drooped their beautiful heads. Even the trees seemed to hang their branches like weary arms. The valley turned browner and drier and thirstier, every hot, baking day.

The townsfolk grew worried and would murmur to each other when passing with much shaking of heads and tut tuts. They would look upwards searching for rain clouds in the blue, clear sky, but none ever came.

“The tale of the Dragon cannot be true,” said old Mrs Greywhistle, the shopkeeper.
“It hasn’t moved an inch, I swear,” replied her customer, tapping an angry foot.

It was now too hot for the children to play out in the direct sun and they would gather under the shade of the trees, digging holes in the dust and snapping brittle twigs.
“The Dragon will help us soon,” said one child.
“He must do Something,” agreed another.
“I’m sure he will.”
They all nodded in agreement.

A week went by with no change, the people struggling along as best they could. Some were getting cross at the Dragon and would cast angry, sideways looks at it when passing. The villagers were becoming skinny eyed and sullen.

Meanwhile, the children had a plan.
Quickly and quietly, they moved invisibly around town, picking and plucking at the fading flowers. With outstretched arms and bouquets up to their chins, they rustled over to where the giant rock lay, as still as ever.

The boys and girls placed bunches of flowers around the Dragon in a big circle. They scattered petals around its head and over its nose, then danced around and around it, skipping and chanting the rhyme that they all knew so well.

In Times of Trouble
The Dragon Will Wake
And Save the Village
By making a Lake.

The searing heat made them dizzy and fuzzy and finally they all fell in a sprawling heap at the bottom of the mound. They looked up at the rock.
Nothing happened.

A dry wind lazily picked up some flower heads and swirled them around. The air was thick with pollen and perfume. A stony grey nostril twitched.
“I saw something,” cried the youngest boy.
They stared intently.
An ear swiveled like a periscope.
The ground began to rumble.
“Look out! Run!Run!”

The children scampered in all directions, shrieking and squealing, arms pumping with excitement.
The rumbling grew and grew.
The Dragon raised its sleepy head. It got onto its front feet and sat like a dog. It stood up and stretched, arching its long scaly back like a sleek tabby cat. It blinked and looked around with big kind, long lashed eyes.
And then its nostrils twitched and quivered again.
The older folk were alerted by the screams and shrieks. The ladies held up their long skirts to run and the men rolled their sleeves up and soon the whole town stood together in a tight huddle at the foot of the hill, staring up at the large beast with mouths held open.

“AHHHHH AAHHHHHHHHH!!”
The noise erupted from the Dragon.
“AHHHHH AAHHHHHHHHHHHHH!!”
The families gripped each other tighter and shut their eyes.
“AHHHHH CHOOOOOOOOO!!”
The sneeze blasted from the Dragon like a rocket, throwing it back fifty paces, causing a whirlwind of dust and dirt.
“AHHHHH CHOOOOOOOOOOOOO!!”

The second blast split open the dry earth, sending explosions of soil and tree roots high into the sky like missiles, and something else too …

The people heard the sound but couldn’t recognize it at first for it had been such a long time since their ears had heard such tinkling melody. As their eyes widened in wonder, their smiles turned into grins and then yahoos and hoorahs.

Water, cold, clear spring water, oozed, then trickled, then roared out of the hole, down the hillside and along the valley floor.

The torrent knocked over a farmer’s haystack, but he didn’t care.
The river carried away the schoolteacher’s bike shed but she cared not a jot. It even demolished the Ladies Bowling Club changing rooms but they howled with laughter and slapped their thighs. When the flood sent pools of water out towards the golf course, filling up sixteen of the nineteen holes, the men just hooted and whistled and threw their caps up in the air.
What used to be a dirty, brown dust bowl, now gleamed and glistened in the sunlight, sending playful waves and ripples across the lake and inviting all to share.

“HMMMMM,” sighed the Dragon sleepily, and showing his perfect movie star teeth. “Seeing as I’m awake …”
And he lumbered forward with surprising grace and style and disappeared into the cool dark water with a small wave of a claw and flick of his tail.

They never saw him again.

After the families had restored and rebuilt the village, and set up sailing clubs for the children, and scuba diving for the grandparents, they erected a bandstand and monument in the spot where the Dragon used to lay. Every year to mark the occasion, they would bring garlands of flowers and herbs and arrange them in a big circle. The children would have the day off school, for it was known as ‘Water Dragon Day’ and wearing the dragon masks that they had been working on all week, would skip and clap and sing.

Mr Sticky

No one knew how Mr. Sticky got in the fish tank.
“He’s very small,” Mum said as she peered at the tiny water snail. “Just a black dot.”
“He’ll grow,” said Abby and pulled her pyjama bottoms up again before she got into bed. They were always falling down.

In the morning Abby jumped out of bed and switched on the light in her fish tank.
Gerry, the fat orange goldfish, was dozing inside the stone archway. Jaws was already awake, swimming along the front of the tank with his white tail floating and twitching. It took Abby a while to find Mr. Sticky because he was clinging to the glass near the bottom, right next to the gravel.
At school that day she wrote about the mysterious Mr. Sticky who was so small you could mistake him for a piece of gravel. Some of the girls in her class said he seemed an ideal pet for her and kept giggling about it.
That night Abby turned on the light to find Mr. Sticky clinging to the very tiniest, waviest tip of the pond weed. It was near the water filter so he was bobbing about in the air bubbles.
“That looks fun,” Abby said. She tried to imagine what it must be like to have to hang on to things all day and decided it was probably very tiring. She fed the fish then lay on her bed and watched them chase each other round and round the archway. When they stopped Gerry began nibbling at the pond weed with his big pouty lips. He sucked Mr. Sticky into his mouth then blew him back out again in a stream of water. The snail floated down to the bottom of the tank among the coloured gravel.

“I think he’s grown a bit,” Abby told her Mum at breakfast the next day.

“Just as well if he’s going to be gobbled up like that,” her Mum said, trying to put on her coat and eat toast at the same time.
“But I don’t want him to get too big or he won’t be cute anymore. Small things are cute aren’t they?”
“Yes they are. But big things can be cute too. Now hurry up, I’m going to miss my train.”

At school that day, Abby drew an elephant. She needed two pieces of expensive paper to do both ends but the teacher didn’t mind because she was pleased with the drawing and wanted it on the wall. They sellotaped them together, right across the elephant’s middle. In the corner of the picture, Abby wrote her full name, Abigail, and drew tiny snails for the dots on the ‘i’s The teacher said that was very creative.
At the weekend they cleaned out the tank. “There’s a lot of algae on the sides,” Mum said. “I’m not sure Mr. Sticky’s quite up to the job yet.”
They scooped the fish out and put them in a bowl while they emptied some of the water. Mr. Sticky stayed out of the way, clinging to the glass while Mum used the special ‘vacuum cleaner’ to clean the gravel. Abby trimmed the new pieces of pond weed down to size and scrubbed the archway and the filter tube. Mum poured new water into the tank.
“Where’s Mr. Sticky?” Abby asked.
“On the side,” Mum said. She was busy concentrating on the water. “Don’t worry I was careful.”
Abby looked on all sides of the tank. There was no sign of the water snail.
“He’s probably in the gravel then,” her mum said. “Come on let’s get this finished. I’ve got work to do.” She plopped the fish back in the clean water where they swam round and round, looking puzzled.

That evening Abby went up to her bedroom to check the tank. The water had settled and looked lovely and clear but there was no sign of Mr. Sticky. She lay on her bed and did some exercises, stretching out her legs and feet and pointing her toes. Stretching was good for your muscles and made you look tall a model had said on the t.v. and she looked enormous. When Abby had finished, she kneeled down to have another look in the tank but there was still no sign of Mr. Sticky. She went downstairs.

Her mum was in the study surrounded by papers. She had her glasses on and her hair was all over the place where she’d been running her hands through it. She looked impatient when she saw Abby in the doorway and even more impatient when she heard the bad news.
“He’ll turn up.” was all she said. “Now off to bed Abby. I’ve got masses of work to catch up on.”
Abby felt her face go hot and red. It always happened when she was angry or upset.
“You’ve hoovered him up haven’t you,” she said. You were in such a rush you hoovered him up.”
“I have not. I was very careful. But he is extremely small.”
“What’s wrong with being small?”
“Nothing at all. But it makes things hard to find.”
“Or notice,” Abby said and ran from the room.

The door to the bedroom opened and Mum’s face appeared around the crack. Abby tried to ignore her but it was hard when she walked over to the bed and sat next to her. She was holding her glasses in her hand. She waved them at Abby.
“These are my new pair,” she said. “Extra powerful, for snail hunting.” She smiled at Abby. Abby tried not to smile back.

“And I’ve got a magnifying glass,” Abby suddenly remembered and rushed off to find it.
They sat beside each other on the floor. On their knees they shuffled around the tank, peering into the corners among the big pebbles, at the gravel and the pondweed.
“Ah ha!” Mum suddenly cried.
“What?” Abby moved her magnifying glass to where her mum was pointing.
There, tucked in the curve of the archway, perfectly hidden against the dark stone, sat Mr. Sticky. And right next to him was another water snail, even smaller than him.
“Mrs Sticky!” Abby breathed. “But where did she come from?”
“I’m beginning to suspect the pond weed don’t you think?”
They both laughed and climbed into Abby’s bed together, cuddling down under the duvet. It was cozy but a bit of a squeeze.
“Budge up,” Mum said, giving Abby a push with her bottom.
“I can’t, I’m already on the edge.”
“My goodness you’ve grown then. When did that happen? You could have put an elephant in here last time we did this.”
Abby put her head on her mum’s chest and smiled.

I kiss you, I kiss you

I kiss your imagine
I kiss your pictures
I kiss you in the ocean
I kiss you in the beach
I kiss you in the forest
I kiss you in my cell
I kiss you memories and I leave you my love…goodbye

Aidin Azarkerdar

The kiss of hello

The kiss that is never just a kiss

The kiss that spikes vein with precision orchestra

The kiss that heals in entirety

The kiss that hides the relent of vex

The kiss that suffocates rusting man

The kiss without detail/ed system)

The kiss that pounds each pore to state of heroin

The kiss that Hiroshimates euphoria

The kiss that approximates/parallels living

The kiss only

The kiss, the kiss

The kiss of neither hello nor goodbye

The kiss for the sake

The kiss to save face

The distracted kiss for/of domestic bliss

The kiss to bathe mania in generic valium, the kiss of the motions

The kiss of searing content, hindering suffocation and blasé defection

The default kiss, the efficient kiss, the alteria (motive) kiss

The kiss that makes sense

The new language of kiss

Le kiss, le kiss

The kiss of goodbye

The kiss that is never just a kiss

The kiss that spikes vein with precision orchestra

The kiss that deals in hypocrisy

The kiss that begins and ends each second

Job, health, kiss, marriage, car, security, kiss,

yearn, enjoyment, loss, holiday, kiss, loss holiday kiss

The kiss that Hiroshimates plague

The kiss that parallels living/approximates rage

The memory of kiss *acidifies brain

the kiss, the kiss, the end

Pziad Yasao

p.s. Its my thought abt love.i don’t know what you think…..sry if my words are hurting….
Rajnish with love

rajnish jena